Corrections and Retractions

GPPPH is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. Authors, reviewers, readers, and institutions are encouraged to report any concerns related to scientific misconduct, factual inaccuracies, ethical violations, or errors in published articles, particularly those that may influence the interpretation of data, arguments, or conclusions.

Corrigenda

GPPPH issues corrigenda to correct significant factual errors in published articles in order to preserve the reliability of the academic record. The following procedure is followed:

• All proposed corrections are reviewed by the Editorial Board to determine their necessity and scholarly relevance.
• Corrigenda are issued only for substantive errors that directly or indirectly affect data interpretation, analysis, or scholarly conclusions.
• Minor issues such as typographical errors, grammatical mistakes, formatting inconsistencies, or stylistic concerns do not qualify for corrigenda.
• Approved corrigenda are published as a separate notice and permanently linked to the original article.
• Reported errors must be clearly distinguishable from cases requiring retraction or expressions of concern.
• Corrigenda are published without any fee to the author(s).

Retractions

GPPPH follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines for handling article retractions and encourages full cooperation from authors during investigations.

Retraction may be considered when:

• Errors or flaws are sufficiently serious to invalidate the findings, interpretations, or conclusions of the article.
• There is evidence of research misconduct, including but not limited to data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, duplicate or redundant publication, manipulated peer review, unethical research practices, lack of informed consent, copyright infringement, or undisclosed conflicts of interest.

Retraction procedures include:

• Retractions are issued promptly once a decision is reached.
• The retracted article remains accessible for the scholarly record but is clearly marked with a “RETRACTED” watermark.
• A formal retraction notice is published in the current issue and linked to the original article.
• Retraction notices clearly state the reasons for retraction and include full bibliographic details of the affected article.
• Retractions are preferably initiated by the authors; however, the editors may proceed independently when necessary.
• Where appropriate, the editors may notify the relevant institutional authorities and issue public statements regarding the validity of the retracted work.

 Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when there are credible suspicions regarding the integrity or reliability of a published article, but conclusive evidence is not yet available.

• This notice serves to alert readers to potentially misleading content while an investigation is ongoing.
• Given the serious reputational implications, editors may delay issuing an expression of concern until sufficient preliminary assessment has been completed.
• Once a definitive conclusion is reached, the expression of concern may be replaced by either a corrigendum or a retraction, as appropriate.

 Withdrawal or Removal of Articles

The withdrawal, removal, or obscuring of an article or any part thereof is permitted only under exceptional circumstances, including:

• Legal infringements, defamation, or court orders.
• Proven false or misleading data that could result in serious harm if relied upon.

In such cases:

• A retraction notice will still be published to preserve the bibliographic and scholarly record.

The notice will clearly explain the reasons for withdrawal or removal while retaining essential citation information for transparency