JDER recognizes the growing role of Artificial Intelligence tools in academic research and writing. While the journal allows limited and responsible use of AI-assisted tools, transparency and accountability are mandatory.

Declaration of AI Use
Authors must explicitly declare the use of any AI-based tools during manuscript preparation, analysis, or language editing. This declaration should be included in a separate section (e.g., AI Use Statement or Acknowledgements).

The declaration must clearly specify:

1. Name of the AI tool used (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, Elicit, Copilot)
2. Purpose and function of the tool (e.g., language polishing, idea structuring, coding assistance)
3. Sections of the manuscript where AI assistance was applied

Authorship and Responsibility

1. AI tools cannot be credited as authors or co-authors, as they do not meet authorship criteria (intellectual accountability, consent, and responsibility).
2. Human authors retain full responsibility for the originality, accuracy, interpretation, and ethical integrity of the manuscript.
3. Any errors, biases, fabricated content, or ethical breaches resulting from AI-assisted outputs remain the sole responsibility of the authors.

Acceptable and Unacceptable Use
Acceptable use of AI tools may include:

1. Language editing and grammar refinement
2. Formatting assistance
3. Preliminary idea organization or summarization (with author verification)

Unacceptable use includes:

1. Generating substantial portions of the manuscript without critical human input
2. Fabrication of data, references, citations, or results
3. Circumventing plagiarism detection or peer-review processes
4. Misrepresentation of AI-generated content as original scholarly contribution

AI Similarity Threshold
All submitted manuscripts are also screened for AI-generated content using available detection tools. JDER requires that:

• AI-generated content must remain below 20% in similarity/detection reports

Manuscripts exceeding this threshold, or containing undeclared AI use, may be:

• Returned for revision with mandatory disclosure
• Rejected on ethical grounds
• Classified as research misconduct in cases of deliberate concealment or misuse