• Plagiarism Check:

All submissions screened via iThenticate or equivalent software.

• Acceptable Similarity:
  • Maximum 19% overall similarity
  • No more than 4% from any single source
• Consequences:
  • Exceeding thresholds results in desk rejection.
  • Intentional plagiarism (text, data, ideas) leads to rejection and possible blacklisting.
• Self-Plagiarism:
  • Substantial reuse of author’s prior work must be disclosed and cited; otherwise treated as misconduct.
• Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools
  • Authors must disclose any use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as language models, text generators, coding assistants, statistical automation tools or image generation software used during the preparation of the manuscript. AI tools may assist in improving language, organizing content or generating preliminary ideas but they must not be credited as authors. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality and integrity of all content produced with AI assistance. Any AI-generated text, data, images or analysis must be carefully reviewed, verified and properly attributed in the Acknowledgements section or in a dedicated “AI Use Disclosure” note. Failure to disclose AI involvement may be treated as a breach of publication ethics.