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Exploring Socio-Economic, Cultural, and Political Determinants of Child Labor in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study of Stakeholders’ Perspectives in Lahore
Dr. Shoukat Ali, Tayyab Riaz
Abstract:
In Pakistan, the serious challenge of child labor is continuously on the rise, adversely affecting the ability of children to grow, learn, and make their future better. Though educational programs and different laws are introduced by the government, the phenomenon continues due to the poor socio-economic state of the parents of children and their families. This study, in this regard, aims to explore the socio-economic, political, and cultural factors of child labor in Pakistan. This study is qualitative in nature, based on the Interpretivist school of thought. Semi-structured interviews of the lawyers, NGO workers, government officials, and community activists were conducted. The graphic universe was Lahore city. Thematic analysis of the study deduced that the cost of living, large family size, poverty, and unemployment were the main push factors behind engaging children in child labor. Moreover, the cultural belief that engaging children in work at an early age builds a more responsible personality was also another factor behind this practice. Poor enforcement of laws and malpractices in government departments make it difficult to protect children from this labor. The opportunity cost was another reason behind child labor, as parents compromise the education of the children, even though it is free for all, against the indirect costs required for family living. So, it is concluded that to eliminate child labor only laws alone are not enough. There is a dire need for a call to action on the part of all stakeholders. A collaborative action plan by the government and civil society can be helpful to raise children in a safe and bright environment free from economic burden.
Keywords:
Qualitative Study, Lahore, Child Labor, Socio-Economic Factors, Cultural Determinants, Political Influences,
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