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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Efficacy against Wound Infections
Hamna Shahid, Faisal Siddique
Abstract:
The growing issue of antibiotic resistance, combined with the limits of traditional wound treatment strategies, has motivated researchers to explore nanotechnology-based solutions. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received substantial attention due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activities and biocompatibility. This review discusses current breakthroughs in the green production of AgNPs, as well as their antibacterial properties against wound infections. This review looks at the role of phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents, the impact of synthesis factors (such as pH, temperature, and solvent), and the mechanisms by which AgNPs show antibacterial action. Additionally, comparative analysis of plant-mediated AgNPs synthesis from plants such as Citrus sinensis, Olea europaea, and Calendula officinalis shows inhibition zones of (21-26 mm) against wound pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The review concludes that green-synthesized AgNPs represent a potent and eco-friendly alternative to conventional antibiotics for managing wound infections; however, significant variability in reported efficacy and limited in vivo safety data represent critical gaps that require further investigation.
Keywords:
green synthesis, silver nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, wound pathogens, antibiotic resistance
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