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The Discourse of Division: Analyzing the Two-Nation Theory in Punjab’s Pakistan Studies Textbooks
Dr Farooq Ahmed
Abstract:
This study critically looks at the portrayal of Two-Nation Theory in Pakistan Studies textbooks, taught at secondary and higher secondary schools in Punjab. By applying Berelson's (1952) content analysis as research method and Louis Althusser's (2012) Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) as theoretical framework, the study explores how these textbooks are used as tools for constructing national identity and promoting state ideology. The study aims to detect biases and exaggerations in the Two-Nation Theory's presentation by examining the language, content, and historical narratives. The study explores a number of important themes, such as the glorification of historical Muslim heroes, the idea that Hindus were favored more than Muslims during British colonial rule, and the fundamental animosity between Muslims and Hindus. This research attempts to promote a more critical and inclusive approach to the teaching of Pakistan Studies. The study emphasizes how important it is to provide comprehensive and well-balanced educational resources which represent a variety of viewpoints and promote social cohesiveness and critical thinking.
Keywords:
Two-Nation Theory, Pakistan Studies Textbooks, Ideological State Apparatus (ISA), Animosity between Muslims and Hindus
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